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Ishmael Scott Reed (born February 22, 1938) is an American poet, novelist, essayist, songwriter, playwright, editor and publisher, who is known for his satirical works challenging American political culture, and highlighting political and cultural oppression.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ishmael Reed Biography )〕 Reed's work has often sought to represent neglected African and African-American perspectives; his energy and advocacy have centered more broadly on neglected peoples and perspectives, irrespective of their cultural origins. ==Life and career== Reed was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee, and grew up in Buffalo, New York, where he attended the University of Buffalo, a private university that became part of the state public university system after he left. Reed withdrew from university in his junior year, partly due to financial issues, but mainly because he felt he needed a new atmosphere to experience with his writing and music. He comments on this decision: "This was the best thing that could have happened to me at the time because I was able to continue experimenting along the lines I wanted, influenced by () West and others. I didn't want to be a slave to somebody else's reading lists. I kind of regret the decision now because I've gotten some of the most racist and horrible things said to me because of this." 〔1.〕 In 1995, the college awarded him an honorary doctorates degree. In 1998, Reed spoke about his influences in an interview: "I've probably been more influenced by poets than by novelists — the Harlem Renaissance poets, the Beat poets, the American surrealist Ted Joans. Poets have to be more attuned to originality, coming up with lines and associations the ordinary prose writer wouldn't think of."〔Steiner, Andy. ("Media Diet: Ishmael Reed" ), ''Utne Reader'' (September/October 1998).〕 He moved to New York City in 1962 and co-founded with Walter Bowart the ''East Village Other'', a well-known underground publication. He was also a member of the Umbra Writers Workshop, an organization among whose members were some that helped establish the Black Arts Movement and promoted a Black Aesthetic. Although Reed was never a participant in that movement, he has continued to research the history of black Americans, and while working on his novel, ''Flight to Canada,'' coined the term "Neo-Slave narrative." He used the term in 1984 in "A Conversation with Ishmael Reed" by Reginald Martin.〔("A Conversation with Ishmael Reed By Reginald Martin" ) (interview conducted July 1–7, 1983, in Emeryville, California), ''The Review of Contemporary Fiction'', Summer 1984, Vol. 4.2. At Dalkey Archive Press.〕 In 2005, Reed retired from teaching at the University of California, Berkeley, where he taught for thirty-five years, and is currently Visiting Scholar at California College of the Arts. He lives in Oakland, California, with his wife of more than 40 years, Carla Blank, the acclaimed author, choreographer, and director.〔(Carla Blank's latest publication is ''Rediscovering America: The Making of Multicultural America, 1900–2000''. )〕 His archives are located in Special Collections at the University of Delaware in Newark. Reed's author-maintained website appears at www.ishmaelreed.org. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ishmael Reed」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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